Tea is more than just a beverage—it’s a seasonal story told through its “flushes.” For tea buyers, connoisseurs, and traders, understanding the nuances of tea harvesting seasons and market trends can unlock a world of flavour and value. This guide explores what tea flushes are, how they impact flavor and pricing, and how to choose the right tea for every season.

Understanding Tea Flushes: What Are They and Why Do They Matter?

What Is a Tea Flush?

Meaning of “Flush” in the Tea Industry

A “flush” refers to a specific tea harvest period, marked by the sprouting of new leaves. These flushes occur multiple times a year and significantly affect the quality, flavour, and price of the tea.

How Seasonal Changes Influence Tea Leaves

Tea plants respond differently to seasonal weather patterns. Changes in rainfall, sunlight, and temperature influence leaf growth, resulting in distinct flavour profiles during each flush.

The Four Main Tea Flushes Explained

First Flush (March–April)

• Unique Characteristics: Often referred to as the “Champagne of Teas,” the first flush features young, tender leaves picked after winter dormancy.
• Flavour, Aroma, and Appearance: Light, floral, and brisk with a pale golden liquor and astringent brightness.
• Market Price and Global Demand: First flush Darjeeling tea is highly sought-after in export markets, commanding premium prices due to its rarity and refined flavour.

Second Flush (May–June)

• Distinct Features: Leaves mature slightly more, delivering a stronger body and darker color.
• Muscatel Flavour Profile: Especially prominent in Darjeeling teas, this flush offers a musky-sweet, fruity flavour loved by tea aficionados.
• Trade Demand and Bulk Orders: Second flush teas are ideal for mid- to high-end retail blends and often bought in bulk by international traders.

Monsoon or Rainy Flush (July–September)

• Fast Growth and Lower Quality: High humidity and rainfall cause rapid leaf growth, leading to a drop in nuanced flavour.
• Role in Mass-Market Tea Production: These teas are budget-friendly and widely used in commercial blends and tea bags, supporting mass production.

Autumn Flush (October–November)

Market Trends and Pricing by Flush Season

Why First and Second Flush Teas Command Premium Prices

Their limited availability and exceptional flavour profiles make these teas hot commodities in the tea export calendar, especially for buyers in Japan, Europe, and the U.S.

How Monsoon Flush Supports Mass Production

While not prized for complexity, the rainy flush is critical for maintaining supply in global markets, especially in budget-conscious sectors.

Comparing Domestic vs. Export Demand Across Seasons

Exporters favour early flushes due to global preference for high-quality teas, while domestic markets often absorb monsoon and autumn flushes at competitive prices.

Tea Harvesting Calendar: A Visual Timeline

When Are the Flushes Harvested?

The tea year begins in early spring and ends by late autumn, with breaks between flushes that allow plants to regenerate.

Monthly Breakdown of Tea Flushes

• March–April: First Flush
• May–June: Second Flush
• July–September: Monsoon Flush
• October–November: Autumn Flush

Knowing this schedule helps buyers align purchases with desired flavour profiles and seasonal tea flavours.

Buying and Selling Tea by Flush: What You Need to Know

How Traders and Exporters Plan Orders

Professional tea buyers monitor weather forecasts, plantation reports, and historical data to time their purchases by flush. Strategic timing ensures quality and profitability.

Tips for Tea Buyers and Retailers

• Buy first flush teas early, as demand peaks quickly.
• Secure monsoon flush teas in larger volumes for blending.
• Keep an eye on tea market trends and shipping schedules to stay competitive.

Final Thoughts: Choosing the Right Tea by Season

For Connoisseurs: Go for First & Second Flush

If flavour complexity, aroma, and exclusivity matter, prioritize the first and second flushes. These are ideal for collectors and premium offerings.

For Budget Buyers: Monsoon and Autumn Offer Value

For everyday drinking or private label retail, monsoon and autumn teas strike a balance between taste and cost. They’re also excellent entry points into seasonal tea exploration.

Summary of Tea Flushes and Market Dynamics

Conclusion

Understanding the best flush for tea buyers isn’t just about flavour—it’s about aligning your preferences or business goals with seasonal realities. Whether you’re a seasoned importer or a curious tea lover, knowing the nuances of tea harvesting seasons, flavour profiles, and market dynamics will help you make informed choices all year round.